A 70% ethanol extract from the roots of Livistona chinensis has been investigated, led to the isolation of 18 compounds, including two new 6′- O -acyl- β - d -glucosyl- β -sitosterols, 6′- O -(2″-hydroxyheptadecanoyl)- β - d -glucosyl- β -sitosterol ( 1 ) and 6′- O -(icosa-9″ Z ,12″ Z -dienoyl)- β - d -glucosyl- β -sitosterol ( 2 ), two new keto esters, ethyl 16-(dodeca-4″′ Z ,7″′ Z -dienyl)-29-oxo-15-(tetradeca-5″ Z ,8″ Z ,11″ Z -trienyl) triacontanoate ( 7 ), and 16-hydroxy-8-oxohexadecyl tetradecanoate ( 9 ), a new unsaturated fatty acid, tetracosa-(11 Z ,14 Z ,18 Z )-trienoic acid ( 8 ), as well as a new fatty alcohol, 10-decylnonadecane-1,19-diol ( 10 ). The structures of new compounds were elucidated, based on spectroscopic and chemical methods. The antiproliferative activity against four human tumor cell lines (K562, HL-60, HepG2, and CNE-1) was evaluated. Four compounds ( 1 – 3 , 5 ) showed potent antiproliferative effects with the IC 50 of 10–100μM. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of 6′- O -acyl- β - d -glucosyl- β -sitosterol and 3- O -acyl- β -sitosterol in the genus Livistona . Keto fatty acids and their esters are also rare in higher plant.