Features of basic search

It conducts search through a search box, and adopts different search mechanism and matching modes according to the requirements of different search items, which represents the advantages of intelligent search, such as easy operation, and complete and precise search results.

Operation methods

Click "Search Scope" in the home page of the platform, select search items in the drop-down menu, enter search terms in the search box, and then click "Search" button or press "Enter" to perform the search. See Fig. 1.2.1.2.

Fig. 1.2.1.2 Operation methods for one-stop search

Search items

The general database provides the following search items: subject, keyword, title, full text, author, the first author, corresponding author, author’s affiliation, fund, abstract, reference, CLC number and document source.

Search recommendation/guidance

CNKI platform provides intelligent recommendation and guidance in the process of search, and can automatically give prompt according to the entered search terms. Users can select the recommended terms according to the prompt so as to get precise results quickly.

After using the function of recommendation or guidance, users are not allowed to change the recommended terms in the search box, which may result in wrong results or no results.

(1) Intelligent prompt for subject terms

CNKI platform will automatically complement the search terms entered by users. Applicable fields: subject, title, keyword, abstract and full text.

For example, if you enter the word "gene", the hot words begin with "gene" will appear in the drop-down list of the platform. Select the recommended word by mouse (keyboard), and then click "Search" button (press "Enter") or click the recommended word to conduct search.

Fig. 1.2.1.4-1 Intelligent prompt for subject terms

(2) Author guidance

Enter search terms for search guidance and then select the recommended terms according to needs to precisely determine the author to be searched.

For example, if you enter "Wang Dazhong", and then select the first-level "Wang Dazhong Tshinghua University", you can search all the documents published by Wang Dazhong from Tshinghua University. As long as you precisely determine the author and exclude the authors of the same name, all the documents published by the author can be searched regardless of whether the affiliation of the original text includes Tshinghua University.

Fig. 1.2.1.4-2 Author guidance(1)

If an author has several affiliations, or you need to search all the documents of the author in the previous affiliation and the current affiliation, select several affiliations in the drop-down list. For example, if you want to search the documents published by Li Xingde in linguistics, select all his affiliations to get search results.

Fig. 1.2.1.4-3 Author guidance (2)

If the primary affiliations of two authors are the same and the secondary affiliations are different, select corresponding secondary affiliation to precisely determine the author. For example, if you want to search the articles published by Zhang Huan from the School of Physics, Peking University, select the terms which contain the "School of Physics, Peking University" in the secondary affiliation.

Fig. 1.2.1.4-4 Author guidance (3)

(3) Fund guidance

Enter search terms, and the standard fund names containing the search terms will appear in the drop-down list. Select the fund name you need and use standard fund code for search and precise positioning.

For example, if you enter "natural science", select "National Natural Science Foundation of China" in the drop-down list and click "Search" button. The search results will show all the documents of which the standard fund name is the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Fig. 1.2.1.4-5 Fund guidance

(4) Literature source guidance

Enter search terms, and the standard source names containing the search terms will appear in the drop-down list. Select the name you need and use source code for search and precise positioning. The resources types that support document source guidance include: journals, newspapers, theses, yearbooks and monographic serials.

For example, if you enter "industrial economy", and select the source name you need in the drop-down list, the search results will contain all the documents under the current and former names of the source.

Fig. 1.2.1.4-6 Document source guidance

Matching modes

Basic search adopts different matching modes according to the characteristics of search items.

Correlation matching. The search items that adopt correlation matching are: subject, title, full text, abstract, references, and document source. Obtain high relevant search results according to the matching degree of search terms in this field.

Precise matching. The search items that adopt precise matching are: keyword, author, the first author and corresponding author.

Fuzzy matching. The search items that adopt fuzzy matching are: author’s affiliation, fund and the CLC number.

Search in results

Search in results refers to the search within the scope of the previous search results according to the newly entered search criteria.

Enter search terms and click "Search Within Search Results", and the search criteria will appear above the Search Result Area, as shown in Fig. 1.2.1.6:

Fig. 1.2.1.6 Search within search results

Search the documents with the subject of "artificial intelligence" firstly, and then search the documents with the source of "computer knowledge and technology" within search results. Click × at the end to remove the last search criteria and return to the previous search results.

Advanced search entry

Click "Advanced Search" in the home page to enter the advanced search page (see Fig. 1.2.2.1-1), or click "Advanced Search" in the one-stop search results page to enter the advanced search page (see Fig. 1.2.2.1-2).

Fig. 1.2.2.1-1 Advanced search entry (1)

Fig. 1.2.2.1-2 Advanced search entry (2)

Click the tabs in the advanced search page to switch into the Advanced Search, Professional Search, Scholar Search and Sentence Search, as shown in Fig. 1.2.2.1-3.

Fig. 1.2.2.1-3 Advanced search page

Features of advanced search

Advanced search supports the logical combination of multiple fields, and can complete more complex search by selecting precise or fuzzy matching modes and search control methods so as to obtain desired search results.

In multi-field search, the order of operations is from the top to the bottom.

Search Area

In the Search Area, the upper half part is the Search Criteria Input Area, and the lower half part is the Search Control Area.

(1) Search Criteria Input Area

The default option is three search boxes of the subject, author and document source. Search items, the logical relation between them (Fig. 1.2.2.3-1) and the matching method of search terms (Fig. 1.2.2.3-2) are free options:

Fig. 1.2.2.3-1 Search Criteria Input Area

Fig. 1.2.2.3-2 Search Criteria Input Area

Clickandafter the search box to add or delete search items. A combination of up to 10 items is supported.

(2) Search Control Area

Results are controlled by criteria filtering and time selection.

Conditions are: publishing mode, fund documents, time range and expanded search. See Fig. 1.2.2.3-3.

Fig. 1.2.2.3-3 Search Control Area

Chinese and English expansion is performed by default. If it is not required, please uncheck it.

Search items

In advanced search, various search items are provided to meet different requirements. Items are: subject, keyword, title, full text, author, the first author, corresponding author, author's affiliation, fund, abstract, reference, Chinese Library Classification (CLC) and document source. For detailed information about the items, see 1.2.1.3. Search items.

Database Switch Area

The Database Switch Area is at the bottom of the page of advanced search. Click the name of the database to switch to a single database.

Fig. 1.2.2.5 Database Switch Area

Literature navigation

The navigation of classified literature is collapsed by default. To narrow search range, click to expand the navigation and check the categories needed. Navigation for 168 special subjects in general database is a classified system independently created by CNKI based on Chinese Library Classification. Besides the navigation for 168 special subjects, the special navigation in a single database is provided for yearbooks, standards and patents.

Search recommendation/guidance

It is similar to the function of intelligent recommendation and guidance of one-stop search. But the main differences are: in advanced search, first, for content items such as subject, title, keyword, abstract and full text, synonyms, hypernyms, hyponyms or related words are recommended; second, the icon of recommendation and guidance is displayed on the right side of the page. Check the function to search, and the result will contain all documents of search terms or checked terms.

For example: after "artificial intelligence" is input, related words such as "machine intelligence" and "decision-making system" are recommended for checking.

Fig. 1.2.2.7 Search recommendation/guidance

Matching modes

Except that subject is provided only with correlation matching, others are all provided with two matching methods, precise or fuzzy.

On the one hand, for the precise matching of title, abstract, full text and reference, search terms are matched as a whole based on the search item, the accurate results of which contain complete search terms. For their fuzzy matching, it is a matching result of segments of search terms based on the search item.

On the other hand, for the precise matching of keyword, author, organization, fund, CLC and literature source, search terms are matched in full accord. For their fuzzy matching, it refers to the inclusion of search terms.

Selection of word frequency

In full text search and abstract search, word frequency is used to optimize search results.

After the selection of word frequency, the search result is documents which contain larger or the same numbers of search terms within the full text or the abstract.

Search in results

Advanced search supports search within search results. After execution, search criteria are displayed above the Search Result Area, and the search criterion is connected with the former one with an "AND".

For example: after the search of "artificial intelligence", search "robots" within search results, and see the search criteria in Fig. 1.2.2.10:

Fig. 1.2.2.10 Search within search results

Collapsed or expanded Search Area

After the advanced search, the Search Area only displays the search box of the first line to reduce the space and highlight the result. Click the button of expansion to display the whole search Area.

Fig. 1.2.2.11 Collapsed Search Area

In the advanced search page, switch the tag to scholar search.

In scholar search, literature published by an author can be searched by inputting the author's name and affiliation. The function and operation of scholar search are basically the same as advanced search.

In the advanced search page, switch the tag to sentence search.

By two search terms, the full text is searched for a sentence that contains both terms and find answers to questions.

Empty search is not supported in sentence search. Two search terms are necessary in the search within a sentence or a paragraph.

For example: search the document where "artificial intelligence" and "neural network" are in the same sentence.

Fig. 1.2.4-1 Sentence search (1)

See the search result below. Sentence 1 and 2 are originals, and "source" contains the title of the document.

Fig. 1.2.4-2 Sentence search (2)

The search via combination of the same sentence or paragraph is also supported. For example, search the full text for a sentence that contains both "data" and "mining" and another sentence contains both "computer" and "network", and see Fig. 1.2.4-3:

Fig. 1.2.4-3 Sentence search (3)

In the document searched, there is a sentence contains both "data" and "mining", and another contains both "computer" and "network". For example, the result below does not contain a sentence with all 4 terms (Fig. 1.2.4-4).

Fig. 1.2.4-4 Sentence search (4)

Profile of professional search

In the advanced search page, switch the tag to professional search.

Professional search is used in library and information science for novelty search and information analysis by building search strategies of operators and search terms.

General process of professional search: a general search strategy is built by search fields, and a complex search strategy is built by the relational operator between fields and the search value resolution operator.

General formula of professional search: <field><matching operator><search value>

Fig. 1.2.5.1. Professional search

Search field

Retrievable fields provided in the general database are as follows: SU=subject, TI=title, KY=keyword, AB=abstract, FT=full text, AU=author, FI=the first person responsible, RP=corresponding author, AF=affiliation, JN=journal (document source), YE=year, FU=fund, CLC=Chinese Library Classification, SN=ISSN, CN=Chinese Number, IB=ISBN, CF=citation frequency.

Matching operator

Comparison operator

Logical operator

It is applied to logical operation between fields.

Composite operator

The composite operator is mainly applied to complex and efficient formula of search keywords.

Location operator

It is applied to logical operation between fields.

All resource types supported are displayed resource horizontally. After the search, the number of documents that meet the search criteria is displayed below each resource type to show the distribution. Click to learn documents of any resource type.

Fig 1.3.1 View documents by resource types

Click "Chinese" or "foreign language" to view documents in various languages. Click "general database" to back to the mixed results.

Fig 1.3.2 Select literature by languages

When a single database is selected, the Search Area above displays search items of this single database. For example, when "journal" is selected, the search items include subject, journal name and DOI. See Fig. 1.3.3-1.

Fig. 1.3.3-1 Single database search (1)

Click the search button above to enter the single database search within "journal". In the single database search, results are displayed at the upper right corner of the Search Result Area.

Fig. 1.3.3-2 Single database search (2)

At the upper left corner of the Search Result Area, search scope and search criteria are displayed, and customization function is provided to view search history and search formula.

Fig. 1.3.4 Search criteria

Log in a personal account to click the "subject customization" to add the current search formula to the personal study. Keep abreast of the latest achievements and developments in the areas of interest.

Click "search history" to view the history. The last 10 records can be viewed if the user is not logged in. On the search history page, click the search criteria to view the results directly.

On the left of the Search Result Area, Group Filtering Area provides different angles and supports combinations of multiple criteria to search high-quality documents in the search result quickly and accurately.

Except groups of science and social sciences, each group displays two categories by default. For all categories, click the drop down arrow , on the group tag.

After checking the group, click the left OK button to perform filter; click the right reset button to clear all checks.

Fig. 1.3.7 OK/Reset

Group segmentation

Research level is segmented into science & technology and social sciences, allowing users (knowledge service objects) to search for documents based on research fields.

Subjects are segmented to main subject and secondary subject, according to the share of one subject term making up in the documents.

Authors and institutions are segmented to China and Foreign Countries, referring to author/institutions of Chinese documents and that of foreign documents.

Group contents sorting

Authors are listed in descending order by H index. Authors with high H index rank ahead to help select authoritative literature.

Chinese and other language journals are listed together in descending order by CI index, facilitating selection of valuable documents based on journals’ quality.

Grouping and visualization

All groups except scientific & technology and social science allow visualization analysis, to directly reflect the documents of certain groups in search results. Click to see the visualization image as shown in Fig. 1.3.7.3.

Fig. 1.3.7.3 Grouping and visualization

Horizontal Resource Types Area and vertical Groups Area form a knowledge service matrix, enabling users to find needed documents quickly and effectively.

Fig. 1.3.8-1 Resource Types and Group Filtering

For example, searching for subject “artificial intelligence” can get results showed above. Click “Journals” to see documents with the subject of “artificial intelligence.” Groups Area on the left side is now composed of different journals for further filtering.

Fig. 1.3.8-2 Group filtering

Select the journal Cancer Letters. The number of results will be shown at the top right corner of the Search Result Zone.

Fig. 1.3.8-3 The number of search results

Tendency Chart of Published Years sits on the right side of the page. Users can click the floating icon to see the chart of research results. It directly shows the published years of literature.

Fig. 1.3.9 Tendency chart of published years

Input the starting and ending years under the chart, click the “Filter” and get search results of this period.

Users can sort search results in terms of publication date, relevance, citation counts and download counts as needed.

Fig. 1.3.10 Sorting

Full-text search is sorted by relevance by default; the highest relevance appears first. Results of other search methods are sorted by publication date by default; the latest research results and directions appear first.

Select the number of results showed on each page.

Fig. 1.3.11 The number of results

Search results can be displayed in Detail Mode or List Mode.

Fig. 1.3.12 Display modes

Detail Mode

Detail Mode shows bibliographical information in detail, allowing users to find right documents. The page is divided into two zones: the left one is for bibliographical information and the right one for operation.

Fig. 1.3.12.1-1 Detail mode of search results

(1) Bibliographical information

It shows title of article, author name, author affiliation, resource type, document source, publication date, citation counts, download counts, abstract and keywords.

Click the title of article to enter the document knowledge network node; click the name of document source, such as journal title, to enter the publication detail page; click keywords to visit the keywords knowledge network node.

Author names and affiliations will correspond to journals, proceedings and monographic serials. Name and affiliation of the first author are displayed by default. Users can see names and affiliations of all authors by clicking the expand arrow. Click the regulated name or affiliation of author can jump to the author or institution knowledge network node.

Fig. 1.3.12.1-2 Author information

(2) Function area

Users can favorite, read, download and cite single literature.

Log-in is required to favorite literature, which can be found in “Favorites” of “Personal Study.”

Users can log in to read html articles after related processing or read un-processed articles online.

Users can download documents with accounts having such privilege. Users can visit foreign cooperative database to download documents through the link,attached to documents (journals and books).

Users can cite documents by copying their citation formats. There are three formats: users can directly copy and paste the default national standard format. For the other two, users need to click the words to copy them. When citing single document, there is no need to tick and export them, which is more convenient.

Fig. 1.3.12.1-3 Citation

List Mode

List Mode is simple and clear, easy for quick viewing and location. It displays search results in lists, offering key information such as title of article, author name, document source, publication date, citation counts and download counts. Operation and jumping regulations of functions such as download and reading in the List Mode are same as that in the Detail Mode.

Fig. 1.3.12.2 List mode of search results

Users can deal with the selected documents in Document Management Center. For example, they can export documents, generate search reports, conduct visualization analysis, and read the documents online.

Fig. 1.3.13-1 Click the “Selected” to Enter the Literature Management Center

Fig. 1.3.13-2 Literature management center

Users can also click the “Export and Analyze” icon to visit the corresponding operation interface.

Fig. 1.3.13-3 Entrance of “Export and Analyze”

Literature Management Center

Display all selected literature in lists by groups based on different search conditions; display entries of selected literature by groups based on different search conditions.

Users can re-select the already selected literature, and then export bibliographical information and generate search reports of these newly selected literature.

Users can delete any one of the selected literature by clicking the “✖” icon on the right side; delete multiple selected literature by ticking the check boxes on the left side and clicking the delete button.

Fig. 1.3.13.1 Selected literature

Export literature

Enter the Bibliographic Information Export page through the Search Result page or Document Management Center page. Users can export literature in different formats as listed in the following figure. It is displayed in the GB/T 7714-2015 format by default.

Fig. 1.3.13.2-1 GB/T 7714-2015 Format citation

Formats and functions of GB/T 7714-2015 Format Citation, CAJ-CD Format Citation, and Novelty Search (Citation Format) are the same.

(1) Selected literature

Users can return to the selected literature page (Literature Management Center) to re-select entries of the selected literature. Please refer to 1.3.13.1 Literature Management Center.

(2) Custom fields selection

Users can select custom fields in Novelty Search (User-defined Citation Format) and User-defined Format.

Users cannot change the selected state of default fields, but can reset the state of custom fields. After the state of the latter is changed, users can click “Preview” to see the new output results at Result Preview Area.

Fig. 1.3.13.2-2 Novelty Search (User-defined Citation Format)

(3) Preview

The button do not work when there is no custom fields.

Users can click the button to preview the new results of custom fields.

(4) Export/Copy to Clipboard/Print/xls/doc

Export bibliographical information of the selected literature in the “Literature export format” and save it.

xls. refers to Excel Literature and doc. Word Literature. CNKI E-Study, Refworks, EndNote, NoteExpress and NoteFirst have no “xls” and “doc” buttons.

(5) Sorting

It can display the literature in terms of publication date and citation counts in ascending/descending order.

Fig. 1.3.13.2-3 CNKI E-Study

Generate search report

Search report generated mainly includes search conditions, search statistical statement, search evaluation, search report executor and save/print search report.

Fig. 1.3.13.3 Search report

Visualization analysis

(1) Cross-citation network

Cross-citation network analysis is based on the citation network composed of Literature reference and citation, aiming to help users find valuable literature from the references and cited literature.

Fig. 1.3.13.4-1 Cross-citation network analysis

• Information display

  Types of Information Display include showing titles of journals and citation counts of the selected literature; showing keywords; showing author names; showing Literature sources. Different types decide certain node’s contents of Information Display.

• Node filtering

  Reference conditions of Node Filtering include citation counts, relationship strength, reference node and citation node. Users can change the default citation counts to others in the drop-down list.

  Based on the citation counts filter, users will not see literature that citation counts do not meet the default value.

  Relationship strength refers to the number of lines directly connected to the current node. It reveals the number of reference nodes and citation nodes among all nodes in the current relationship network. The filter represents the connection and relational degree of the current node with other nodes in this Literature network. Through relationship strength, users can find node literature important in the current Literature network.

  Reference node refers to the number of lines from the current node to other nodes, which means the number of references of the current Literature in this Literature network. However, that number does not equal to the actual number of references of the node Literature.

  Citation node refers to the number of lines directing at the current node, which means the number of literature in this Literature network that has cited the current Literature. However, that number does not equal to the actual citation counts of the current node Literature.

• Relationship analysis

  It includes single-layer relationship and multi-layer relationship. The default “Please Select” means that no node and link directly connected with the current node will display when the node was clicked. When selecting the single-layer relationship, users will see only one relationship; when selecting the other, users will see the reference citation relationship simultaneously. Users should combine types of Information Display with that of Relationship types.

  Relationship types include reference citation, references, and citing literature, from which users can select. If selecting the reference citation relationship, multi-layer relationship and any nodes, users will see all nodes and links sharing the reference citation relationship with the current node and other nodes will turn grey. If the references or citation literature relationships are selected, the results are similar: only nodes of the corresponding relationships will be displayed.

• Additional remarks

  Frequency statistics hidden on the right of the visual figure includes keyword frequency, author frequency, the number of literature of different years and sources (publication sources). Clicking all words is to select highlights. Resetting the filtering conditions can be realized by selecting all node filters. For example, if users select one keyword, they can see only node literature containing that keyword.

  In the Relationship Analysis, parameters of relationship play main role in displaying information. If users select Reference Citation and single-layer relationship at the same time, the information displayed will include references and citing literature, namely a result of multi-layer relationship. Thus, users can set parameters of relationship only in Relationship Analysis.

  Lines in this figure have arrows and directions of these arrows stand for Literature citation relationship.

  Results of bibliographic coupling analysis and co-citation analysis will be displayed below. In other words, literature and coupled literature/literature and co-cited literature are displayed. literature here reflect relationships among nodes and lines in the Literature network.

(2) Keyword co-occurrence network

Keyword co-occurrence network is built with keywords as nodes and co-occurrence relationship as the foundation. Through keyword co-occurrence, users can analyze subjects, namely main research contents, of the selected literature. Co-occurrence relationship describes the relation between two or more keywords existing in the same Literature.

Select literature to be analyzed (less than 200 pieces) on the Search Result page as the analysis object. Each node in the keyword co-occurrence network represents one keyword.

Size of the node is positively related to keyword frequency. The more frequently a keyword appears, the larger the node is. Keyword is displayed on the node by default (enlarge the figure to see it). Double click the keyword to jump to its keywords knowledge network node. Thickness of lines linking two nodes represent their co-occurrence frequency. Mark one group composed of closely-related nodes with the same color.

Fig. 1.3.13.4-2 Keyword co-occurrence network

• Relationship analysis

  Users can select “Nearby Nodes” to get corresponding response effect. Under the default “Please Select,” there is no node-clicked effect. Under the “Nearby Nodes,” nodes directly connected to the clicked node will be displayed. In other words, users can get keywords sharing direct co-occurrence relationship with the selected keyword.

• Node filtering

  Node Filtering condition is occurrence frequency. Users can set the threshold value through the selector or by inputting number. Input the number N; click “Filter” to get keywords appearing more frequently than the threshold value. Values of N should be decided according to the total number indicated in the node information. Click “All” to reset the filtering condition. It’s worth noting that the occurrence frequency refers to the number displayed in the node information when being pointed by the mouse pointer. It means the total number that the keyword appears in the selected literature, which differs from co-occurrence frequency.

  Year analysis

  Display keyword occurrence frequency by years. Its function is similar to selection by publication year of literature with certain keywords. Users can understand how research subjects of the selected literature change and develop during these years.

• Cluster analysis

  Cluster analysis focuses on occurrence frequency of certain keywords in one Literature, showing connection strength among keywords. Cluster analysis needs to calculate distance between nodes and group them to clusters.

  The default number of clusters is 3, which can be adjusted from 1 to 6. It means that based on connection strength, the keywords can be grouped to 6 clusters at most. The number of clusters should be adjusted according to the display effect.

  Tick the “Show the Central Node” to display the keyword on the central node of one cluster.

• Additional remarks

  Foundation of the keyword co-occurrence network analysis is auto-tagged keywords, instead of self-tagged ones. The former is more normative and accurate in showing the subject than the latter.

  Central node keyword is a result of pre-calculation. When adjusting the number of clusters to the number of groups, the central node keyword will be displayed. It is possible that one group has many central node keywords.

(3) Author cooperation network

Author cooperation network is about authors’ cooperation relationship in one set of literature. Authors of one Literature are cooperators, namely they share a cooperation relationship. In the figure of author cooperation network, they are nodes connected by lines.

The author name will be shown on the node. Users can double click the node to visit the corresponding author knowledge network node. The size of node represents the number of the author’s published papers, which can be searched in CNKI (author represented by author code). Thickness of the line connecting two nodes stands for cooperation frequency of the two authors.

Fig. 1.3.13.4-3 Author cooperation network

• Relationship analysis

  Users can set node-clicked effect in the Relationship Analysis. Under the “Please Select,” there is no effect. Under the “Nearby Nodes,” author nodes sharing direct cooperation relationships with the clicked node will be displayed.

  “Show the Co-occurrence Frequency” is not ticked by default. Users can tick it to see co-occurrence frequency on the line connecting two nodes, which shows how many times the two authors cooperate in the selected literature.

• Node filtering

  Users can set the threshold value of occurrence frequency through the selector or by inputting number. Input the number N; click “Filter” to get authors with the number of cooperation greater than N (not including the ones equal to N). Values of N should be decided according to the actual number of co-occurrence frequency in Relationship Analysis. Click “All” to reset the filtering condition.

• Year analysis

  Display cooperation relationships by years. The number of published papers will be shown in the brackets on the right of node author name. Users can understand author cooperation in different years.

• Others

  When users move the mouse pointer to the node, they can see information like “Author (author affiliation) [the number of published papers].” It’s worth noting that “the number of published papers” refers to the total number of papers that can be searched in CNKI.

Online reading

Different from preview of single Literature at the Search Result page, it refers to online reading of the multiple selected literature.

Fig. 1.3.13.5 Combination reading

Relevant search recommendation is available below the search results. Relevant search will recommend words related to the one input by users, including research subjects and famous scholars, as reference of systematic academic research.

Fig. 1.3.14 Relevant search recommendation

Relevant search will recommend 14 subject terms related to search terms at most. Users can click one subject term, and the system will perform subject search with such subject term as the search term.

The system will recommend 14 experts and scholars with the highest G index. Users can click their names to visit the author knowledge network node.

The function, search settings, offers personalized services concerning general database search. Users can perform preference setting based on personal habits to facilitate operation.

It is available for general database search only, located at the head of basic search Result page and Advanced Search page.

Fig. 1.4 Search settings

Users can set cross-database search scope and search result format.

Permanent saving of settings needs account log-in. If users close the browser or do not perform any operation on the platform in 20 minutes, the settings will return to the system default.

Set resource types and display order for cross-database search.

Fig. 1.4.1-1 Search scope

All types of resources participating in general database search will be shown by default. A cross will show at the upper right corner of the name of one resource ,when pointed by a mouse pointer. Users can delete the resource type by clicking that cross. As a result, general database search will not search for literature in that type. Users can clickto add resource types needed to be included in the cross-database search.

By dragging the resource types, users can change the display order of search results.

For example, if users include Journals, Newspapers and Proceedings in general database search, the results will be displayed in the order of Proceedings, Newspapers and Journals as follows:

Fig. 1.4.1-2 Resource types

Click “Save,” refresh the page and search for “artificial intelligence.” The search results are shown as:

Fig. 1.4.1-3 Effect of Search Options

Proceedings, journals and newspapers will be put at the forefront in sequence, while other resources will not be included in the general database search. The number of literature will not be displayed below the resource names.

The format includes the default number of records displayed, default display mode and default sorting.

Fig. 1.4.2 Default search result settings

Refresh the page after setting, and the number of records displayed, display mode and sorting will be displayed as per default options.

Knowledge network nodes mainly include the Literature knowledge network node, author knowledge network node, institution knowledge network node, discipline knowledge network node, fund knowledge network node, keywords knowledge network node and the publication knowledge network node.

Fig. 1.5 Knowledge network

Literature knowledge network node entry: Search result > Titles on Literature list, i.e. where there is a link to a Literature title, there will be an entry to the Literature knowledge network node upon a click.

Basic information

The Literature knowledge network nodes for journals, monographic serials, proceedings and academic dissertations display their pages in three columns, listing the contents, bibliographic and abstract information and citing literature from left to right. Contents and citing literature can be folded or unfolded, and the two sides are folded by default when there is no content on the page. The knowledge network nodes for other single database products will be set in one column.

Fig. 1.5.1.1 Layout for first screen of a Literature knowledge network node

Download and reading

CAJ download: Users can log in to download the files to their local host and view the literature via CAJViewer.

PDF download: Users can log in to download PDF files to their local host.

HTML reading: Users can log in to read the literature in HTML format online. It is applicable to journals, newspapers and proceedings.

Mobile phone reading: Users can download CNKI Express and scan the QR codes of the literature to open the files on their mobile phones, where the downloading, citing and reading of the literature are available.

Fig. 1.5.1.2 Downloading and reading

Operation of node literature

Click the citing button in , and three citation formats will pop up. The default format is GB/T 7714-2015, which can be copied. Click more citation formats to enter the Literature management center; personal accounts can click the citation tracking buttonto create citation tracking, and click the icon again to enter the citation tracking in the personal study; personal accounts can click the favorites buttonto collect literature and click the icon again to enter the citation tracking in the personal study; click the share button to copy the link or share the Literature to WeChat or Weibo.

Subject network

A Literature subject context diagram, centered on the node Literature, diagrammatizes the starting point of research, the study source, study branch and study direction of relevant subjects of the node Literature.

Literature subject context diagrams display the subject terms of the node Literature, and a subject context diagram can display 9 subject terms at most. The starting point of research is the subject term of secondary references; study source is the subject term of references; study branch is the subject term of citing literature; and study direction is the subject of secondary citing literature. They will be selected by the occurrence frequency of the subject terms from the most to the least. 10 entries will be displayed at most. Move the mouse to the subject term to show the title of the source Literature of the subject term; and click the title to link to the knowledge network node page of the Literature.

Fig. 1.5.1.4 Subject network (core literature recommendation)

Citation network

The citation network contains: Secondary references, references, citing literature, secondary citing literature, coupled literature and co-cited literature. Definitions of these literature: References reflect the study background and basis of the node Literature; secondary references are the references of the references of the node Literature and further reflect the study background and basis of the node Literature; citing literature are those citing the node literature and reflect the continuance, application, development or evaluation of the study of the node Literature; secondary citing literature are the citing literature of the citing literature of the node Literature, and they further reflect the continuance, application, development or evaluation of the study of the node Literature; coupled literature have the same references and the same study background or basis with the node Literature; co-cited literature and the node Literature are both cited by the same literature, as shown in Fig. 1.5.1.5-1..5.1.5-1。

Fig. 1.5.1.5-1 Citation network

The number of each kind of Literature will be marked behind the title and given in brackets, as shown in References (13);

Click the citation type in the citation network diagram, such as references, and the type of literature will display below the diagram. Databases involved include China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database, China Master’s Theses Full-text Database, Springer journal database and foreign language bibliographic database.

Fig. 1.5.1.5-2 Citation network

Relevant literature recommendation

(1) Similar literature

Recommend literature similar to the node Literature based on collaborative filtering algorithm.

Fig. 1.5.1.6-1 Similar literature

(2) Readers’ recommendation

It recommends based on relevant logging data users to download the literature downloaded by other readers.

Fig. 1.5.1.6-2 Readers’ recommendation

(3) literature supported by the same fund

Fig. 1.5.1.6-3 literature supported by the same fund

(4)Associated author

Associated author include the authors of references and citing literature, as shown in the figure below:

Fig. 1.5.1.6-4 Associated author

Author knowledge network node entry

Search result > author; Literature knowledge network node > author; associated author; relevant author, etc. i.e. where there is a link to an author, there will be an entry to the author knowledge network node upon a click on the author’s name.

Fig. 1.5.2.1-1 Author knowledge network node entry 1

Fig. 1.5.2.1-2 Author knowledge network node entry 2

Fig. 1.5.2.1-3 Author knowledge network node entry 3

Fig. 1.5.2.1-4 Author knowledge network node entry 4

Author knowledge network node entry page

An author knowledge network node page lists an author’s basic information, other authors of the same name, sectors of the author’s concern, the author’s works, the author’s supervisors, co-authors, funds obtained, students supervised by the author, etc. to provide rich information for readers.

Fig. 1.5.2.2 Author knowledge network node entry

Institution knowledge network node entry

Literature Knowledge Network Node > Institution

Fig. 1.5.3.1 Institution knowledge network node entry

Institution knowledge network node page

An institution knowledge network node contains the profile of an institution, its major authors, publications, major disciplines, most-cited literature, most-downloaded literature, journal literature, foreign journal literature, newspaper literature, proceedings, doctoral or master’s dissertations, subordinates and relevant institutions.

Fig. 1.5.3.2 Institution knowledge network node

Details are shown in the publication knowledge network node (detail page of journal) of each single database product.

Keywords knowledge network node entry

Literature knowledge network node > Keywords:

Author knowledge network node > Sectors of the author’s concern

Fig. 1.5.5.1 Keywords knowledge network node entry 1

Keywords knowledge network node page

A keywords knowledge network node contains the explanations of the keywords, analysis on attention index, key literature, relevant literature, discipline distribution, etc. Keywords knowledge network nodes provide readers literature and content relevant to keywords and enable them to quickly find the Literature resources they need.

Fig. 1.5.5.2 Keywords knowledge network node

Discipline knowledge network node entry

Literature knowledge network node — institution > Institution knowledge network node — key disciplines > Discipline knowledge network node

Fig. 1.5.6.1 Discipline knowledge network node entry

Discipline knowledge network node page

A discipline knowledge network node contains function modules such as attention index analysis, discipline literature (e.g. journals, doctoral and master’s dissertations and proceedings), relevant authors and relevant institutions.

Fig. 1.5.6.2 Discipline knowledge network node

Fund Knowledge Network Node Entry

Literature Knowledge Network Node > Fund

Fig. 1.5.7.1 Fund knowledge network node entry

Fund knowledge network node page

A fund knowledge network node page contains the introduction to a fund, most-cited literature of the fund, most-downloaded literature of the fund, journal literature supported by the fund, key result sectors, major authors supported by the fund and major institutions supported by the fund.

Fig. 1.5.7.2 Fund knowledge network node

Entry 1: Navigation bar

Fig. 1.6-1 Navigation bar

Login page:A login window popping up from the bottom of the navigation bar. The options include common login, IP login and log in with a partner website account.

Fig. 1.6-2 Login navigation bar

Register page:A sign up interface. Direct login with a partner website account is also available.

Fig. 1.6-3 Register

Entry 2:

Search result > Download or Read the article in HTML:

Literature knowledge network node > Read the article in HTML or download:

When the user visits the domain name of the personal study, https://oversea.cnki.net/KPC

Fig. 1.6-4 Login and Register entry 2

Fig. 1.6-5 Login and Register entry 3

Login page:A new label page. The options include common login, IP login and log in with a partner website account. The Registeris the same as the sign up interface on the home page.

Fig. 1.6-6 Login and Register page

Entry 3: A login page will pop up at the current page when the user tries to read beyond the free page online.

Fig. 1.6-7 Online reading login page

The personal library is a Literature management service for individuals; therefore, a login with personal account is required to access the service.

Entry 1:CNKI home page Login to the account and click the account name to enter the personal library.

Fig. 1.7.1-1 personal library entry (1)

Entry 2:Page head personal library entry

Fig. 1.7.1-2 personal library entry (2)

Entry 3:Personalized homepage Link entry to personal library module

Fig. 1.7.1-3 personal library entry (3)

Entry 4：Personalized Homepage - Follow -Subscription search type, search history and download history; click “more” to enter the corresponding page of the personal library.

Entry 5:Favorites button. Click the Favorites button and enter personal library - Favorites page to view the literature or publications collected before.

Entry 6:Citation tracking button. Click the citation tracking button and enter personal library - Citation tracking page to view the literature that have been put in for citation tracking.

入口7：Subject customization. Enter personal library - Subscriptions page to view your subscriptions after a subject customization.

The personal library offers a rapid Literature search service. The default search method is to search in the general database based on the subject.

Fig. 1.7.2 Literature search

Papers favorites

Papers favorited on the personalized homepage, search result page and knowledge network nodes are displayed at the papers module.

Fig. 1.7.3.1 Papers

Relevant operations:

• Click the title of the Literature collected to enter the Literature knowledge network node page.
• Tagging: Clickto tag the papers so that the user can view the papers grouped by tags.
• Download: Clickto download the literature favorited.
• Exporting/references: Clickto export references in different formats.
• Create citation tracking: Clickto view how many times the thesis collected has been cited by other literature.
• Delete: Click to delete the papers favorited.
• Share: Click to copy the link or share the papers favorited to WeChat or Weibo.

Publication favorites

Users can view the publications favorited at the publishing source navigation page on “Favorites - Publishing Source”. Click the title or picture of the publication to enter the publishing source navigation page which will display details of the publication.

Fig. 1.7.3.2 Publication favorites

Personal search, download and view histories will be recorded for a personal account. Users can also view the my history by logging into different devices.

Search history

Fig. 1.7.4.1 Search history

Download history

Download histories are arranged in reverse chronological order. The operations for literature in this part are the same as that in “1.7.3.1 Papers”.

Fig. 1.7.4.2 Download history

View history

Fig. 1.7.4.3 View history

Browsing histories are arranged in reverse chronological order. The operations for literature or publications in this part are the same as that in “1.7.3 Favorites”.

The user’s customized search type can be found at personal library - Subscriptions. There are 3 approaches to subject customization:

(1) search result page: Customize the search strategy by the subject customization button;

(2) personal library - My History - “Subscription” button in Search History;

(3) personal library - My Subscription, “Add” a search type subscription button.

Operations for literature in this part are the same as that in “1.7.3.1 Papers”

Fig. 1.7.5 My Subscription

A citation tracking to a paper enables the user to timely learn how many times the paper has been cited by other literature.

Fig. 1.7.6 Citation tracking

Citation tracking setting

Set the method and update frequency of citation tracking.

Citation tracking status

Revise the status of citation tracking; delete unnecessary citation tracking for literature.

My Achievement

Fig. 1.7.7.1 My Achievement

This part displays personal information and the statistics of personal achievements. Operations for literature in this part are the same as that in “1.7.3.1 Papers”.

Push Achievement

Fig. 1.7.7.2 Push Achievement

Achievements can be pushed as per push conditions. Users can clickto claim their own achievements here and check them at the My Achievement page.

Push conditions setting

Clickto edit the push condition.

The recycle bin stores the content deleted from Favorites - Papers, Favorites - Publishing Source, My Subscription, Citation Tracking and My Achievement. Users can recover, completely delete them here.

Fig. 1.7.8 Recycle

Fig. 1.7.9 User management

Click “User Management” to skip to My CNKI page and edit the user information.

Entry 1:Click the names of the single databases below the Literature search box at the CNKI home page to enter the home page of each single database.

Entry 2: Input the url to enter the corresponding web page, such as the url of the journal database:https://oversea.cnki.net/kns?dbcode=CJFQ

Journal search

(1) Basic search

Click Advanced Search to skip to the advanced search page of the journal database. Details are shown in “1.2.2 Basic search”.

Fig. 2.2.1.1-1 Basic search

(2) Advanced search

Click Advanced Search to skip to the advanced search page of the journal database. Details are shown in “1.2.2 Basic search”.

Fig. 2.2.1.1-2 Advanced search

(3) Professional search

Click Advanced Search to enter the advanced search page; select professional search to enable the function. Details are shown in “1.2.5 Professional Search”.

Fig. 2.2.1.1-3 Professional search

(4) Author search

Click Advanced Search to enter the advanced search page; select author search to enable the function. Details are shown in “1.2.3 author search”.

Fig. 2.2.1.1-4 Author search

(5) Sentence Search

Click Advanced Search to enter the advanced search page; select Sentence Search to enable the function. Details are shown in “1.2.4 Sentence Search”.

Fig. 2.2.1.1-5 Sentence search

Journal database recommendation

Fig. 2.2.1.2 Journal database recommendation

Journal article knowledge network node

Basic information

It includes title, author, institution, abstract, fund support, keywords, DOI, class number, page number, pages, size, citing frequency, download, publication information, contents, in-text pictures, authors of citing literature, publication time of Online First literature, version conversion, special identifiers, publication status change, collection, subject, additional materials, copyright statement, etc.

(2) Operation of node literature

Available functions include CAJ download, PDF download, mobile reading, citation, collection, creating citation tracking, printing, sharing, etc., as shown in 1.5.1 Literature Knowledge Network Node.

(3) Knowledge network:

a) Basic information-based knowledge network: Click the author, institution, keywords and fund support to link to corresponding knowledge network node; click in-text pictures to link to the CNKI academic photo gallery; click publication information to link to corresponding publication knowledge network node, i.e. the journal navigation.

b) Literature-based knowledge network: Contains the subject network, citation network and relevant Literature recommendation, as shown in 1.5.1.

Fig. 2.2.1.3 Journal article knowledge network node

Journal video knowledge network node

Journal video knowledge network node entry: journal article knowledge network node > watch the video

Fig. 2.2.1.4-1 Journal video knowledge network node entry

Fig. 2.2.1.4-2 Journal video knowledge network node

Theses and Dissertations search

The theses and dissertations database mainly includes four search methods of basic search, advanced search, professional search, and sentence search. For detailed functions, please refer to the corresponding search modes in “1.2 Search Method”.

Theses and dissertations database recommendation

Fig. 2.2.2.2 Theses and dissertations database recommendation

Dissertations/Theses knowledge network node

Dissertations/Theses knowledge network nodes include the basic information (author, institution), abstract, fund, keywords, mentor, classification codes, article catalog, in-text pictures, Literature publication sources, etc., and provides three download methods of full-text download, chapter-based download and page-based download, as well as two reading methods of mobile reading and online reading. For other functional modules, please refer to 1.5.1 Literature knowledge network node.

Fig. 2.2.2.3 Dissertations/Theses knowledge network node

See 1.5.2-1.5.7 for other knowledge network nodes.

Proceedings search

The proceedings database mainly includes five search methods of basic search, advanced search, author search, professional search, and sentence search. For detailed functions, please refer to the corresponding search modes in “1.2 Search Method”.

Proceedings database recommendation

Fig. 2.2.3.2 Proceedings database recommendation

Proceedings knowledge network node

Proceedings knowledge network nodes include basic information (author, institution), abstract, fund, keywords, classification codes, conference name, conference time, conference venue, publication source of proceedings, etc. For other functional modules, please refer to 1.5.1 Literature knowledge network node.

Fig. 2.2.3.3 Proceedings knowledge network node

Conference video knowledge network node

Conference video entry

Fig. 2.2.3.4-1 Conference video

Fig. 2.2.3.4-2 Entry of conference video play page

Fig. 2.2.3.4-3 Entry of conference video play page

See 1.5.2-1.5.7 for other knowledge network nodes.

Newspaper search

The newspaper database mainly includes four search methods of basic search, advanced search, professional search, and sentence search. For detailed functions, please refer to the corresponding search modes in “1.2 Search Method”.

China Core Newspapers Full-text Database recommendation

Fig. 2.2.4.2 China Core Newspapers Full-text Database recommendation

Newspaper knowledge network node

Newspaper knowledge network nodes include basic information (author, institution), article title, eyebrow head, subhead, body snapshot, newspaper date, edition title, edition number, classification codes, newspaper source, etc. For other functional modules, please refer to 1.5.1 Literature knowledge network node.

Fig. 2.2.4.3 Newspaper knowledge network node

See 1.5.2-1.5.7 for other knowledge network nodes.

Yearbook search

The yearbook database mainly includes three search methods of basic search, advanced search, and professional search. For detailed functions, please refer to the corresponding search modes in “1.2 Search Method”.

China Yearbooks Full-text Database recommendation

Fig. 2.2.5.2 China Yearbooks Full-text Database recommendation

Yearbook knowledge network node

Yearbook knowledge network nodes mainly include basic information (title, author, institution), statement of responsibility, chief editorial unit, classification codes, column name, language, body snapshot, publication source, etc., with corresponding links for each label. The literature in the same column of yearbook knowledge network node share the same yearbook and column with this item. See 1.5.1 Literature knowledge network node for similar literature and reader recommendation function modules.

Fig. 2.2.5.3 Yearbook item knowledge network node

See 1.5.2-1.5.7 for other knowledge network nodes.

Patents search

The patent database mainly includes three search methods of basic search, advanced search, and professional search. For detailed functions, please refer to the corresponding search modes in “1.2 Search Method”.

Patent database recommendation

Fig. 2.2.6.2 Patent database recommendation

Chinese patent knowledge network node

Chinese patent knowledge network nodes mainly include record information (patent type, application (patent) number, application date, publication number of authorization/application, announcement date of authorization/publicity, applicant, address, inventor, main classification codes, classification codes, country and province codes, number of pages, agency, agent, priority, international application, international publicity, date of entering into the country, original divisional application number), patent legal status, similar patents, the scientific and technological achievements and standards in this field, and research & application. The original-text downloading is also available via CAJ format.

Fig. 2.2.6.3 Full-text Chinese patents

Overseas patent knowledge network node

Overseas patent knowledge network nodes mainly include record information (patent name, application number, application date, publicity number, publicity date, applicant, inventor, main classification codes, classification codes, main and secondary European Classification, priority and abstract), patent legal status, patent items of the same family and foreign similar patents. The full-text downloading method is also available.

Fig. 2.2.6.4 Overseas patents

Standards search

The standard database mainly includes three search methods of basic search, advanced search, and professional search. For detailed functions, please refer to the corresponding search modes in “1.2 Search Method”.

Standard database recommendation

Fig. 2.2.7.2 Standard database recommendation

National standard knowledge network node

National standard knowledge network nodes mainly include the standard title, standard state, standard number, standard nature, abstract, release date, implementation date, release department, drafters, drafting units, standard technical committee, Chinese standard classification codes, international standard classification codes, the total number of pages, pricing of the hard copy, inter-standard relations, patents and achievements involved in this field, and research & application.

Inter-standard relations: inter-standard relations involve standards cited by this standard, cited standards, substituted standards, superseded standards, and adopted standards.

Patents and achievements involved in this field include patented inventions and scientific and technological achievements designed in this field. The patented inventions are recommended according to the collaborative filtering algorithm with the same subject and similar content as this standard. Scientific and technological achievements are recommended according to collaborative filtering algorithm with the same subject and similar content as this standard.

Research and application: including the development background of this standard, standard application condition, and research condition of the core technologies involved. The standard development background shows the background of developing this standard. Please click the link for the similar literature containing the word of standard published earlier than this standard in the database of journals, dissertations, proceedings and newspapers. The standard application condition shows the current application situation of the standard. Please click the link for the similar literature containing the words of standard and application published later than the standard in the database of journals, dissertations, proceedings and newspapers. The research condition of core technology shows the relative core research condition of this standard. Please click the link for similar literature on the same subject with this standard in the database of journals, dissertations, proceedings and newspapers.

Fig. 2.2.7.3 National standard knowledge network node

Industry standard knowledge network node

Industry standard knowledge network nodes mainly include standard title, standard state, standard number, abolition date, abstract, release date, implementation or trial implementation date, country, language of the body, release unit, drafting unit, Chinese standard classification codes, international standard classification codes, total number of pages, download pricing, inter-standard relation, patents and achievements involved in this field, and research & application. Among them, the inter-standard relation, patents and achievements involved in this field, and research & application are consistent with those of the national standard knowledge network node.

Fig. 2.2.7.4 Industry standard knowledge network node

Domestic and overseas standard bibliographic knowledge network node

Domestic and overseas standard bibliographical reference knowledge network nodes mainly include standard title, standard state, standard number, abolition date, abstract, release date, implementation or trial implementation date, country, language of the body, release unit, drafting unit, Chinese standard classification codes, international standard classification codes, total number of pages, inter-standard relation, patents and achievements involved in this field, and research & application. Among them, the inter-standard relation, patents and achievements involved in this field, and research & application are consistent with those of the national standard knowledge network node.

Fig. 2.2.7.5 Domestic and overseas standard bibliographic knowledge network node

Achievements search

Achievements database mainly includes three search methods of basic search, advanced search, and professional search. For detailed functions, please refer to the corresponding search modes in “1.2 Search Method”.

Achievements database recommendation

Fig. 2.2.8.2 Achievements database recommendation

Achievement knowledge network node

Achievement knowledge network nodes mainly include achievement name, the person-in-charge of the achievement, the main unit-in-charge, keywords, achievement introduction, achievement category, the beginning and ending time of the research, evaluation form, filing time of the achievement, similar achievements, patents and standards involved in this field, and research & application.

Similar results: according to the collaborative filtering algorithm, the results similar to the content of this result are recommended

Patents and standards involved in this field: including related patented inventions and related standards. The relevant patented inventions are recommended according to the collaborative filtering algorithm with the same subject and similar content as this achievement. The relevant standards are recommended according to the collaborative filtering algorithm with the same subject and similar content as this achievement.

Research and application: including the development background of the achievement, the application condition of the achievement and the research condition of the core technologies involved. The development background of the achievement shows the background of developing this achievement. Please click the link for the similar literature containing the word of achievement published earlier than this achievement in the database of journals, dissertations, proceedings and newspapers. The application condition of achievement shows the current application situation of the achievement. Please click the link for the similar literature containing the words of achievement and application published later than this achievement in the database of journals, dissertations, proceedings and newspapers. The research condition of core technologies shows the relative core research condition of this achievement. Please click the link for similar literature on the same subject with this achievement in the database of journals, dissertations, proceedings and newspapers.

Fig. 2.2.8.3 Achievement knowledge network node

Ancient books search

The ancient books database mainly includes three search methods of basic search, advanced search, and professional search. For detailed functions, please refer to the corresponding search modes in “1.2 Search Method”.

China Ancient Books Database recommendation

Fig. 2.2.9.2 China Ancient Books Database Recommendation

Ancient books knowledge network node

Fig. 2.2.9.3 Ancient books knowledge network node

“My Follow” shows the user’s personalized content and presents different content to the user in different states. It displays the search type of user subscription and the latest relevant literature, favorite publications, search history, browsing history and download history under the user login status. It displays the user’s search history, view history, and download history while not logged in.

Fig. 2.3.1-1 My Follow

Favorite: Please click the buttonto favorite the literature to the personal library for the convenience of the user to browse the literature again. It displays the buttonthrough which favorite literature are available in the personal library - My Favorites in the favorite state.

Citation: Please click the buttonto pop up the citation window offering citations in three formats: national format, CNKI E-Study and EndNote. In national standard format, the reference content is selected. For the other two, users can click the reference content to select all and directly copy and paste.

Fig. 2.3.1-2 Citation

Online reading: Please click the buttonto enter the online reading interface, as shown below

Download: Please click the buttonto download literature.

It recommends the latest literature, publications and search words based on the user’s personal behavior.

Fig. 2.3.2 Recommendations

Literature Recommendation

It recommends relevant literature according to the browsing and download history of users. Please refer to “2.3.1 My Follow” for operation on literature.

Publication Recommendation

It recommends publications according to the user’s search behavior. Please click the picture or name of the publication to skip to the publication navigation page

Search Word Recommendation

It recommends the search word according to the user’s search behavior. Please click “search term” to skip to basic search results page and display the search results of the search word in the general database

It displays popular literature, popular journals and hot search words on the whole network or those of a particular subject to show user the literature, journals and search words that all CNKI users follow.

Popular literature

It displays the popular literature on the whole network or that of a particular subject to the user, that is, the literature with the most user operations on the whole network. It displays the popular literature on the whole network if the user does not choose a subject, and display the popular literature of a particular subject if the user chooses a subject under a certain collection. Please refer to “2.3.1 My Follow” for operation on literature..3.1我的关注”。

Popular journals

It displays all popular journals or those of a particular subject to the user. Please click the picture or name of the publication to skip to the publication navigation page.

Buzz word

It displays all buzz words or those of a particular subject to the user. Please click the “search word” to skip to basic search results page and display the search results of the search word in each single database.

Fig. 2.3.4 personal library

Please click the function link to enter the corresponding page of the personal library. Please refer to “1.7 personal library” for the functions of the personal library.

The publication source navigation provides the search, browsing and other functions of the publications of the literature source. It takes the whole journal or the contributor unit as the main object to help users understand the publication details of literature source, or find authoritative and high-quality publications and browse literature according to publications.

Please click “publication search” on the homepage of CNKI to enter the publication source navigation page.

Fig. 3.1 Navigation entry

Please clickto enter the navigation introduction, including navigation collection, coverage range, etc.

Fig. 3.2 Navigation introduction

The left bar shows the discipline navigation system, including ten major collections and 168 subjects. The user can choose a navigation category to browse all the publication sources under the category. Each single database provides navigation with its own characteristics according to the different knowledge system and structure.

Fig. 3.3 Left navigation

The homepage of publication source navigation displays the covers or icons of most recently viewed publication sources, and recommends the most recently updated journals, dissertations, proceedings, newspapers and yearbooks and the first two recent updates of reference books. Please click the cover or icon to enter the detail page of publication source.

Fig. 3.4 Recent views and recommendations

Switch the search item and enter the search term to search. Then click the literature search to enter the literature search page and switch between navigation search and literature search. As shown in Fig. 3.5..5。

Fig. 3.5 Publication source search

It displays the search results based on the search criteria. For example, select “source name” to enter the search term “economy” and click “publication source search”:

Fig. 3.6 Publication source search results

The Search Result Area shows all the results with publication source name containing “economy”, displaying the quantity of searched items at the top, and the basic information, cover icon, total citations and total downloads of the publication source in the main part. Please click the name or cover image of publication source to enter the detail page of the publication source.

The publication source navigation mainly includes the navigation of journal, monographic serials, degree-awarding unit, conference, newspaper, yearbook and reference book. The user can select the product navigation in the drop-down menu and switch to the navigation homepage of the product, as shown in Fig. 3.7.

Fig. 3.7 Product navigation

As the layout and functions of each single database navigation are roughly the same as those of the publication source navigation, these following descriptions only show the unique features of single database navigation.

Journals can be searched by journal title (former title), sponsor, ISSN and CN.

Besides of the subject navigation, the left navigation bar also comprises database navigation of journal source, sponsor navigation, publication periodicity navigation, publication place navigation, distribution system navigation and core journal navigation. You can search and browse journals in related fields through the left navigation bar. Click the navigation content, it will return to the page of the journal list in the field.

There are horizontal product category labels: All Journals, Academic Journals, Online First Journals, Exclusive Publishing Journals, Century Journals Project and Single Journals, as shown in the Fig. 3.7.1-1.

Fig. 3.7.1-1 General journal navigation

The left navigation bar can be combined with the horizontal category labels. For example, click the navigation of “Core journal navigation — > Part II Economy”, then you will see the list of search results; click the label of “journal” and you can get a list of journals as shown in Fig. 3.7.1-2.

Fig. 3.7.1-2 Journal navigation

Journal navigation search results are as shown in Fig. 3.7.1-3. Check the “Core Journals”, then you can screen the core journals of Peking University from the search results; providing four sorting methods (default, comprehensive influence factor, combined influence factor, cites and the latest update); providing two browsing methods, namely detail and list, for which you can click to switch. Click the cover or name of the journal and you can enter the detail page.

Fig. 3.7.1-3 Core journal navigation

Monographic serials can be searched by title of the monographic series.

The left navigation bar includes subject navigation, core journal navigation and sponsor navigation.

Providing three sorting methods (default, cites and title); providing two browsing methods, namely detail and list. Click the cover or name of the serials and you can enter the detail page.

Fig. 3.7.2 Monographic serials navigation

The degree-awarding institutions can be searched by degree-awarding unit name and region.

The left navigation bar includes region navigation and discipline navigation. There are horizontal product category labels: all, doctor and master. The left navigation bar can be combined with the horizontal category labels.

You can screen the degree-awarding institutions according to their categories (all institutions, 211 Project, 985 Project and institutions directly under the Ministry of Education); providing five sorting methods (default, literature number, regions, cites, and downloads); providing two browsing methods, namely detail and list. Click the icon or name of the institutions and you can enter the detail page.

Fig. 3.7.3 Degree-awarding institution navigation

You can search by the names of proceeding title, conference name, sponsor and online publishing contributors in a particular time range.

Fig. 3.7.4-1 Proceedings navigation (1)

Proceedings navigation provides searches in proceedings, conferences and sponsor. Labels can be switched as needed to browse and search proceedings, conferences and sponsor.

Fig. 3.7.4-2 Proceedings navigation (2)

The left navigation bar includes subject navigation, industry navigation as well as Party and government navigation. The left navigation bar for sponsor includes industry association, institution types and Party and government organizations. The horizontal product category labels of proceedings include: all, domestic, international and video collection. The horizontal product category labels of conferences and organizers include: all, domestic and international. The left navigation bar can be combined with the horizontal category labels.

You can screen the proceedings by the years and types (all, conference proceedings and monograph compilation); provides five sorting methods (default sort, conference date, literature number, cites and downloads). Click the name of the proceedings and you can enter the detail page.

Fig. 3.7.4-3 Search results of conference proceedings

You can screen the conferences by the years and levels (all, international, national, and local); the sorting methods are the same as those of proceedings. Click the conference name and you can enter the related detail page of proceedings.

Fig. 3.7.4-4 Search results sorting of conference proceedings

You can screen the organizers by their nature (all, national association, local association and others). Click the name of the organizers and you can enter the detail page.

Fig. 3.7.4-5 Screening of the nature of organizers

You can search the newspapers by using the newspaper title, region, sponsor and CN Number.

The left navigation bar includes newspaper level navigation and publication periodicity navigation.

Provides two sorting methods, default sort and alphabetical order; provides two browsing modes, detailed and list. Click the cover or name of the newspaper and you can enter the detail page.

Fig. 3.7.5 Newspaper navigation

You can search the yearbooks by using the Chinese title of yearbook, English title of yearbook, keyword, area, editor-in-chief, publisher, ISSN, CN and ISBN.

The left navigation bar includes region navigation, industry navigation, publisher navigation, subject navigation, and yearbook level navigation.

Provides two sorting methods, default sort and alphabetical order; provides two browsing modes, detailed and list. Click the cover or name of the yearbook and you can enter the detail page.

Fig. 3.7.6 Yearbook navigation

You can search the reference books by using the book title, publisher, author and region.

Provides two sorting methods, default sort and alphabetical order; provides two browsing modes, detailed and list. Click the cover or name of the reference book and you can enter the detail page.

Fig. 3.7.7 Reference book navigation

Access to the detail page of journals: search results of journal navigation; knowledge network node of periodical literature > publication sources; search results of literature > publication sources.

The detail page mainly includes a header search bar, introduction, issue browsing, column browsing, statistics and evaluation as well as search results.

Introduction

It incorporates the online publication statement of a single literature in priority journals, functions of the whole issue (collection, RSS subscription, contributing, and sharing), Chinese and English names of journals, databases of journal collection, basic information, publication information and evaluation information. The evaluation information includes influence factors, data collection and journal honors. In this part, three lines is the default, and you can click “More” for all the information.

Fig. 3.8.1.1 Journal introduction

Issue browsing

The left navigation bar will display the issues and years of journals, including information related to public in priority and online first. Click a year and it will display all the issues of this year. Click an issue, then you can see the catalog on the right, with such information as the column, title, author, page number, etc. Click a title then you can enter the knowledge network node of the corresponding item; Move the cursor to a literature, you can download (logged status), preview and share the literature by clicking corresponding buttons; click the “Original Catalog Page Browsing”, you can view the cover, catalog and other information of the journal. Printing function is also provided.

Fig. 3.8.1.2-1 Priority publication issue

Fig. 3.8.1.2-2 Issue browsing

Column browsing

As shown in Fig. 3.8.1.3, column information of the last 10 years is the default on the left, and you can switch labels to view the information of the last 5 years, 3 years or 1 year. The list of literature under a specific column is on the right. The default way of sort is correlation, and other ways include the time, cited count and download count. Click a title then you can enter the knowledge network node of the corresponding item; Move the cursor to a literature, you can download (logged status), preview and share the literature by clicking corresponding buttons.

Fig. 3.8.1.3 Column browsing

Statistics and evaluation

It mainly includes the annual publication overview of journals and latest research hotspots.

The annual publication overview of journals embraces the number of annual articles, the number of annual funding articles and the column distribution of journals in recent decade; the latest research hotspots incorporates the discipline distribution of journals in recent decade and keywords distribution of journals in recent decade. The statistics of the last 20 years is the default on the page and you can also view the statistics of the last 10 or 30 years.

In the diagram of the “Keywords distribution of journals in recent decade”, you can view the volume of literature on electronic structure in the last 20 years by clicking the bar of “electronic structure”, among which the bar chart will display the annual literature count about “electronic structure” while the line chart will show the ratio of “electronic structure” related literature count to the total literature count of that year. You can then click the keyword “molecular dynamics” to view the literature count in the last 20 years and compare the situation of the two keywords as shown in the following figures.

Fig. 3.8.1.4-1 Statistics and evaluation

Fig. 3.8.1.4-2 Statistical chart

Search results

Set a search condition such as a topic, title, author and keyword. Enter related words and click the “Search” button, you can view the search results.

The groups of the search results, including the year, discipline and fund, will be displayed on the left. Click the “Unfold” button and you can view all the group contents.

The search results are on the right, displaying the literature’s title, author, year/issue, cited count and download count. The default way of sort is correlation, and other ways include time, cited count and download count. Click a title then you can enter the knowledge network node of the corresponding item; Move the cursor to a literature, you can download (logged status), preview and share the literature by clicking corresponding buttons

Fig. 3.8.1.5 Search results

Access to the detail page of degree-awarding institution: search results of degree-awarding institution navigation; knowledge network node of dissertation literature > publication sources; search results of literature > publication sources.

The detail page mainly includes a header search bar, discipline and specialty browsing, discipline statistical statement, and search results.

Introduction

As shown in Fig. 3.8.2.1, Icon 1 displays the labels of degree-awarding institutions such as Project 211, Project 985, and institutions directly under the Ministry of Education. Icon 2 displays product category labels, including all categories, doctors and masters. After clicking the label of “doctors”, for example, it will display the information of doctoral dissertations of the institution. Icon 3 comprises basic information and publication overview. Among them, the “publication overview” shows the literature count, cited count and download count. Icon 4 provides the collection and sharing functions for the degree-awarding institution.

Fig. 3.8.2.1 Introduction

Discipline and specialty browsing

As shown in Fig. 3.8.2.2, the major navigation of the degree-awarding institution will be displayed on the left. Move the cursor on a discipline field, you can view its first and second-level disciplines and specialties. Click the navigation content, the literature list of the discipline and specialty will be unfolded on the right, including the title, author, supervisor, degree-awarding year, dissertation level, cited count and download count. The default way of sort is correlation, and other ways include the degree-awarding year, level of excellent dissertation, cited count and download count. Click a title then you can enter the knowledge network node of the corresponding item; Move the cursor to a literature, you can download (logged status), preview and share the literature by clicking corresponding buttons.

Fig. 3.8.2.2 Discipline and specialty browsing

Discipline statistical statement

There are labels of statistical reports and statistical charts on the left, and the former is the default. The statistical statements of disciplines and specialties of the degree-awarding institution will be displayed on the right, showing a certain category’s first-level disciplines, disciplines and specialties, supervisors count of both doctors and masters, literature count, total cited count, total download count and total funded literature count. Click a category of disciplines, you can unfold the statistics of its first-level disciplines; click a first-level discipline and you can view the statistics of its specialties, as shown in Fig. 3.8.2.3-1.

Fig. 3.8.2.3-1 Statistical statement

As shown in Fig. 3.8.2.3-2, click the left statistical chart, and the right side will display the annual distribution of literatures, distribution of funding sponsored articles (Annual distribution of funding sponsored articles, The distribution of the TOP15 funding projects and The distribution of the TOP15 first level disciplines in funding articles), and supervisor distribution. Click the column of a supervisor in the chart of the literatures directed by the supervisor, you can see the annual trend chart of supervised literature by the supervisor and the distribution diagram of disciplines that each literature belongs to.

Fig. 3.8.2.3-2 Statistical chart

Search results

Set a search condition such as topic, title, author and supervisor. Enter related words and click the “Search” button, you can view the search results as shown in Fig. 3.8.2.4. The groups of the search results, including the year of degree, discipline and specialty, supervisor and fund, will be displayed on the left. Click the “Unfold” button, and you can see all contents in that group. The list of search results is on the right.

Fig. 3.8.2.4 Search results

Access to the detail page of proceedings: search results of proceedings navigation; knowledge network node of conference proceedings > publication sources; search results of literature > publication sources.

The detail page mainly includes a header search bar, proceedings of this conference, serial proceedings, and search results of the proceedings.

Introduction

As shown in Fig. 3.8.3.1, the cover image of the proceedings is on the left while the basic information and publication overview are on the right. The publication overview displays the literature count, total cited count, total download count, series name and subject name. You can find the collection and sharing functions for the proceedings at the upper right.

Fig. 3.8.3.1 Introduction

Proceedings of this conference

As shown in Fig. 3.8.3.2, the list of all the proceedings at this conference will be displayed on the left while the literature list of the selected proceedings, including title, author, page number, cited count and download count, will be shown on the right. The list is sorted in ascending order of the page number by default, and you can also set the sort condition in other ways such as title, cited count and download count. Click a title then you can enter the knowledge network node of the corresponding item; Move the cursor to a literature, you can download (logged status), preview and share the literature by clicking corresponding buttons.

Fig. 3.8.3.2 Proceedings of this conference

Serial proceedings

As shown in Fig. 3.8.3.3, this part displays the relevant proceedings information in the conference series to which this paper belongs, including the conference time, title of the proceedings, literature count, funded literature count, cited count and download count. This is shown in the reverse order of the conference time.

Fig. 3.8.3.3 Serial proceedings

Search results

Set a search condition such as topic, title, author and keyword. Enter related words and click the “Search” button, you will see the search results as shown in Fig. 3.8.3.4. The groups of the search results, including the discipline and fund, will be displayed on the left. Click the “Unfold” button, you can view all the contents in the group. The list of search results is on the right.

Fig. 3.8.3.4 Search results

It mainly includes a header search bar, serial conferences, serial proceedings, and relevant/local chapters. The header search bar is the same as that in the navigation home page.

Serial conferences

As shown in Fig. 3.8.4.1, by switching the labels, You can view all the conferences and proceedings of the host organization as well as national or international conferences and proceedings. The left side displays the name of the serial conferences organized by the organizers, while the right side shows the conference information of the selected serial conferences in the abstract mode, including the conference name, time, venue, level, literature count, download count, and cited count. The information is sorted in the reverse order of the conference time by default, you can also set the sort condition in other ways such as the literature count, download count and cited count.

Fig. 3.8.4.1 Serial conferences

Serial proceedings

The left side displays the name of the serial conferences/proceedings organized by the organizers, while the right side shows the proceedings information of the selected serial conferences/proceedings in the abstract mode, including the proceedings name, time, literature count, download count, and cited count. The information is sorted in the reverse order of the conference time by default, you can also set the sort conditions in other ways such as the number of literatures, download count and number of citations, as shown in Fig. 3.8.4.2.

Fig. 3.8.4.2 Serial proceedings

Relevant/local chapters

This part displays relevant and local chapters of the organizers, including relevant first-level chapters, relevant chapters, specialized committee, and relevant local chapters. The presentation of the relationships among the organizers in layers as shown in Fig. 3.8.4.3.

Fig. 3.8.4.3 Relevant/local chapters

Access to the detail page of newspapers: search results of newspaper navigation; knowledge network node of newspapers > publication sources; search results of literature > publication sources.

The detail page mainly includes a header search bar, introduction, date browsing, column browsing, and search results.

Introduction

As shown in Fig. 3.8.5.1, the introduction includes the basic information, contact information and publication overview. Among them, the “publication overview” includes the number of literatures, download count, and cited count. In this part, three lines is shown by default and you can click “More” for all the information. You can find the collection and sharing functions for the newspapers at the upper right.

Fig. 3.8.5.1 Introduction

Date browsing

As shown in Fig. 3.8.5.2, the left side displays the date of publication. Choose the year first, and it will show the months of publication. Move the cursor to a month, and you can see the publication date. Click the date, the right side will display the newspapers published on that day, with the title, author, edition number, column, and download count. Click a title then you can enter the knowledge network node of the corresponding item; Move the cursor to a literature, you can download (logged status), preview and share the literature by clicking corresponding buttons.

Fig. 3.8.5.2 Date browsing

Column browsing

As shown in Fig. 3.8.5.3, column information of the last 10 years is shown by default on the left and you can switch the labels to view the information of the last 5 years, 3 years or 1 year. The list of literature under a specific column is on the right.

Fig. 3.8.5.3 Column browsing

Search results

Set a search condition such as topic, title, author and keyword. Enter related words and click the “Search” button, you can view the search results as shown in Fig. 3.8.5.4. The groups of the search results, including the year, discipline and affiliation, will be displayed on the left. Click the “Unfold” button and you can view all the group contents. The list of newspaper search results is on the right.

Fig. 3.8.5.4 Search results

Access to the detail page of yearbook: search results of yearbook navigation; knowledge network node of yearbook > publication sources; search results of literature > publication sources.

The detail page mainly includes a header search bar, introduction, year browsing, column browsing, evaluation and recommendation, and search results. The header search bar is the same as that in the navigation home page.

Introduction

As shown in Fig. 3.8.6.1, the introduction displays the basic information of the yearbook in the latest year.

Fig. 3.8.6.1 Introduction

Year browsing

As shown in Fig. 3.8.6.2, the left side displays the year and volume information of the yearbook while the right side shows the catalog under the selected year and volume. You can click to unfold directories at lower levels and click to fold them. The items are sorted in the order of page numbers. You can click the name of an item to enter its knowledge network node.

Fig. 3.8.6.2 Year browsing

Column browsing

As shown in Fig. 3.8.6.3, the first-level column information of the yearbook is shown by default on the left. The right side shows the entry list of the column, including the title, column name, year (volume), page number, and download count. You can also screen the item types such as the literature, statistical charts, facts, organizations as well as laws and regulations. It is sorted in a correlation order by default and you can also set the sort conditions in other ways such as year and download count. Click a title then you can enter the knowledge network node of the corresponding item; Move the cursor to a literature, you can download (logged status), preview and share the literature by clicking corresponding buttons.

Fig. 3.8.6.3 Column browsing

Evaluation and recommendation

As shown in Fig. 3.8.6.4, evaluation and recommendation part displays the citation of the yearbook and other yearbooks of the same kind. You can click the cited number of the citing literature list to view the citing literature which cite the yearbooks of that year.

Fig. 3.8.6.4 Evaluation and recommendation

Search results

Set a search condition such as title, text, chief editor and affiliations. Enter related words and click the “Search” button, you can view the search results as shown in Fig. 3.8.6.5. The groups of the search results, including the item types, year and disciplines, are displayed on the left. Click the “Unfold” button, you can view all the group contents. The list of search results is on the right.

Fig. 3.8.6.5 Search results